Natural draft cooling tower in winter ice causes and countermeasures

A, natural draft cooling tower heat transfer principle of natural ventilation counterflow cooling tower in China using multiple closed cycle power plant, the tower type ventilator often USES hyperbolic, with reinforced concrete pouring system, the circulating water backwater ( Hot water) By the pipeline through the shaft into the hot water distribution system. The net-like the water distribution system in the plane layout, water slot cloth, and then through the spray device, spilled the water on the packing; After packing into the shape of the rain fall into the reservoir, cooling water by circulating water pump away after use. At the bottom of the tower drum for inlet, word or cross column bearing of choose and employ persons. Under the air through the air inlet into the tower body, packing area, and hot water flow through the packing into the opposite direction ( So called counter-current) , through collecting water recycling water droplets in the air, and from the tower drum outlet. Cooling tower after the cold air entering the cooling tower, absorption by water evaporation and the heat lost contact, increase the temperature, humidity, density smaller. As a result, the air above the water cleaner is often saturated or nearly saturated state. Outside the tower low air temperature, humidity and large density. As a result of the tower, there are differences in outer space air tightness, both inside and outside the air inlet pressure difference, the tower outside air continuously flows into the tower without ventilation power machinery, so called natural ventilation. Second, cooling tower water distribution and spray device 1. Water distribution of cooling tower circulating water backwater ( Hot water) By the pipe into the cooling tower, the four shafts to slot type water distribution system ( By the main sink and sink and sink of tertiary fence shape water distribution structure) , distribution of the water to the whole cross section of the tower, again by splashing device turn hot water into water droplets, evenly spread as far as possible on the packing, in order to improve the cooling effect. The whole process including: hot water reaches the water elevation and assigned to the whole packing section, through the shower nozzle is aspersed to the packing. The arrangement principle of tank is uniform water distribution, water head loss is small, the air resistance is small, easy to maintenance. In order to uniform water distribution, groove of the water should maintain the basic level. 2. Device splash splashing is basically can be divided into two kinds, one kind is by impact ripped into shares of water into water droplets; Another kind is rotary type, by centrifugal force will flow tear apart, sprinkled around. The former requires water pressure is low, usually for slot with water; The latter requires the water pressure is higher, more used to pipe water distribution. 3. Cooling tower cooling tower in winter ice of our factory is running, when the temperature is low, can appear in some parts of the tower icing phenomenon, affect the normal operation. 4. Freezing part and the reasons, 1) Tower into FengKouChu. Natural ventilation counterflow cooling towers, generally easy to edge of the tube wall of the tower or in the water freezes eaves, serious herringbone column connected to most of the seal of inlets, our factory cooling tower in these areas there is ice, but not too serious. Water ice must have some conditions, the temperature dropped below freezing point, requirement of water contains quantity of heat is small, there are full of cold air to cool the water. Freezing point and is associated with the flow of water, still water freezing temperature is high, the flow of low freezing point of water. Tower above parts easy to freeze because of icy conditions: meet the edge of the lining of the tower place often can't pour hot water, only from the packing spilling water flows along the inner wall of the tower drum to these areas, there is not much hot water; Outside in the cold air to higher velocity from the inlet flange into the tower, provide adequate air at low temperature; The low flow velocity, high freezing point of water. ( 2) Packing and supporting beams. Normally when the load is reduced, water circulating water temperature or lower and the temperature sudden drop, if you don't take corresponding measures in time, is likely to freeze on packing the bottom part and the support beam. Ice will support beams to crush or packing damage. Two units of our factory in the winter air temperature is below zero runtime, even if the unit running at full capacity, freezing the place also is relatively serious, sometimes to pull down water spray packing. ( 3) The top of the tower. In the natural draft cooling tower at the top of the tower drum rigid ring inside and outside, because the tower hot and humid air water vapor condensation on the ice. Some form of ice, aggravating the top load, even falling injuring pedestrians below. 5. The dangers of ice ( 1) Affect the cooling effect of the tower. Air inlet of the tower after frozen curtain, into the wind area is reduced, cause into air volume decreases, and thus affect the cooling effect of the tower. Packing place after freezing, affect the efficiency of packing, and therefore affect the cooling effect of the tower. ( 2) Increase the load structure. After freezing, the ice load, if not considered in the design of the load or not good, can cause the damage of the structures. After packing part of the ice, can cause packing cave, cases that are not. ( 3) Reduce the service life of the structure. Repeated freezing and thawing will reduce the service life of concrete, especially in the cracked parts, are more likely to cause the damage of concrete. 6. Cooling tower during the running of anti-icing measures in normally, all the inside of the cooling tower circulating water distribution on the packing, then under certain operating conditions, need to send some or all of the hot water through the bypass directly to set inside the pool, in order to improve the water temperature. Eaves on inlet tower drum wall, adding a circle anti-freeze tube of water diversion from the inlet pipe directly, and add a function to adjust water diversion valve, large design antifreeze water for about 20 to 40% of total water cycle into the tower. Antifreeze hole on the tube, water down, form a hot water curtain, can prevent the tower in FengKouChu freeze. At the same time because of a lot of hot water without filler cooling directly into the reservoir, raised the water temperature of reservoir, also can prevent the water to ice. This method is effective, but the tower drum wall installation space is small, and the cost is larger time-consuming work, whether to adopt in the measures after implementation.

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